The following is a list of antimicrobials as may be seen used based upon site of infection:
| Respiratory | Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin or amikacin) as adjuvant to other therapies |
| Cephalosporins (e.g., Cefadroxil) | |
| Clarithromycin | |
| Clindamycin (anaerobes) | |
| Chloramphenicol | |
| Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin/Baytril) | |
| Macrolides (Tylosin, or azithromycin) | |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl-do not use when neurological disorder present) | |
| Penicillins | |
| Tetracyclines (e.g., tetracycline or doxycycline) | |
| Trimethoprim/sulfas | |
| Central Nervous System | |
| Azithromycin | |
| Cephalosporins (third generation best) | |
| Choramphenicaol | |
| Fluoroquinolones (e.g., Baytril) | |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl) | |
| Penicillins | |
| Trimethoprim/sulfas | |
| Alimentary Tract GI/Digestive Tract |
|
| Cephalosporins (e.g., Cefadroxil) | |
| Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin/Baytril) | |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl-do not use when neurological disorder present) | |
| Trimethoprim/sulfa | |
| Skin and Soft tissue | |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Clavamox) | |
| Cephalosporins (e.g., Cefadroxil) | |
| Clarithromycin | |
| Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin/Baytril) | |
| Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin/Baytril) + Metronidazole (Flagyl-do not use when neurological disorder present) (polymicrobial-aerobic and anaerobic) |
|
| Trimethoprim/sulfa | |
| Urinary Tract | |
| Amoxicillin | |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Clavamox) | |
| Cephalosporins (e.g., Cefadroxil) | |
| Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin/Baytril) | |
| Trimethoprim/sulfa | |
| Note: best to reserve fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin/clavulanate (Clavamox) for more difficult to treat or persistent urinary infection.
Avoid aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin) due to nephrotoxicity if renal involvement is present. |
|
| Reproductive Tract | |
| Clindamycin (anaerobes) | |
| Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin/Baytril) | |
| Trimethoprim/sulfa | |
| Bacteremia/Septicemia | |
| Aminoglycoside (e.g., gentamicin or amikacin) + a penicillin (e.g., amoxicillin) + metronidazole (Flagyl-do not use when neurological disorder present) | |
| Aminoglycoside (e.g., gentamicin or amikacin) + a fluoroquinolone (e.g., enrofloxacin/Baytril) + metronidazole (Flagyl-do not use when neurological disorder present) | |
| Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin/Baytril) + amoxicillin + metronidazole (Flagyl-do not use when neurological disorder present) | |
| Bone/Joints | |
| Cephalosporin (e.g., cefuroxime or cephalexin) | |
| Clindamycin + a cephalosporin | |
| Fluoroquinolone (e.g., enrofloxacin/Baytril) |
Any antimicrobial therapy should be based on assessment and recommendation of a licensed veterinarian.
Reference
- Carpenter, J., Mashima, T., & Rupiper, D. (2001). Exotic Animal Formulary, 2nd Edition (pp.412-413). St. Louis: Saunders.
- Carpenter, James W. (2018). Exotic Animal Formulary, 5th ed. (pp.641-643). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier.
- Gilbert, D. N., Moellering, R. C., & Sande, M. A. (2002). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy, 2002 (32nd ed.). Hyde Park, VT: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc.
- Katzung, B. G. (2001). Basic and clinical pharmacology (8th ed.). New York: Appleton & Lange.
